GEOL 470: Environmental Hydrogeology	Outline for Spring 1998 (next scheduled: Spring 2001)
Professor: Doug Hammond email: dhammond@usc.edu	Office: SCI 325 telephone: 213-240-5837
Lectures TTh 2:00-3:30	Field trips: TBA

Course Description: The course presents principles of hydrogeology and contaminant behavior, illustrating their applications to environmental problems. Instruction will include several lectures by practicing environmental geologists. Case studies will be integrated into the discussion. In addition to scheduled lectures, class time will be allocated to discussion of problem sets, term projects, and current issues in the news.

Topic	Time allocated
1. Introduction a) Common Contaminants b) Sources of Contaminants c) Key physical and chemical properties of contaminants d) Scope of hydrogeology	1 week
2. Groundwater Chemistry a) Review of chemical equilibria b) Chemical evolution of natural waters: Rainfall to seawater c) Sampling and Analytical techniques d) Statistical considerations e) Organic nomenclature f) Chemical Uses in Industry/Identifying Sources and Culprits	4 weeks
3. Principles of Hydrology a) Darcy's Law and the water table b) Aquifers: Stratigraphy and physical characteristics c) Drilling and logging techniques d) Well construction and aquifer testing e) Groundwater tracers and age dating f) Surface hydrology: Precipitation, runoff, and floods	3 weeks
4. Mass Transport Phenomena and Modeling a) Advection, diffusion, and dispersion b) Adsorption and retardation; Complexing, chelation, and colloids c) Vapor Phase Transport	2 weeks
5. Remediation, regulations, and case studies a) Remediation techniques b) Landfills c) Regulations d) LA Basin hydodrogeology e) LA Basin contamination issues f) Other examples	2 weeks

Grading: Midterm Exam 25%
Term Paper 20%
Exercises and Problem Sets 25%
Final Exam 30%

Text: C. W. Fetter (1992), Contaminant Hydrogeology, Macmillan, New York, 458pp.

Other Useful References

ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock, ASTM Standards on Ground Water and Vadose Zone Investigations: Drilling, Sampling, Well Investigation and Abondonment Procedures, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 257 pp. Has a compilation of useful standards for drilling, sample container preparation, soil, gas and water sampling, sample shipping, well construction and decomissioning. Written by experts in the field but not voted on. Good for learning about standard practices in well management and sampling.

Chameides, W. L. and E. M. Perdue (1997) Biogeochemical Cycles: A computer-Interactive Study of Earth System Science and Global Change, Oxford, New York, 224 pp. Global models for P, C, S, and N for the study of Earth System Science. A good description of flow-through box modeling.

Domenico and Schwartz (1990), Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology, Wiley, 824 pp.

Drever, J. I. (1989), The Geochemistry of Natural Waters, 3rd. ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N. J., 436pp. Excellent introductory text for low-temperature aqueous geochemistry in the terrestrial environment, including basic chemistry and rock-water interaction principles. Has good chapter on codes WATEQ4F, MINTEQA2, and NETPATH.

Fetter, C. W. (1988), Applied Hydrology, 2nd ed., Merrill, Columbus, Ohio, 588pp. An excellent text emphasizing physical hydrology, more recent than Freeze and Cherry.

Freeze, R. A. and J. A. Cherry (1979), Groundwater, Prentice Hall, 604 pp. A classic text on hydrology, mainly emphasizing physical aspects.

Heath, R. C. and R. W. Trainer, (1992), Introduction to Ground Water Hyudrology, National Ground Water Association, Dublin, Ohio, 285pp. An introductory text in physical hydrology with lab excercises.

Hem, J. D. (1985) Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water, U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 264pp.

Langmuir, D. (1997) Aqueous Environmental Chemistry, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N. J., 600pp. Good for treatment of principles of solution chemistry and has good review of actinide chemistry. More advanced than Drever's book.

National Research Council Committee on Fracture Characterizatrion and Fluid Flow (1996) Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Applications, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 550pp. Directed toward descriptions of the roles of fractures in earths crust in controlling fluid flow.

Stumm, W. and J. J. Morgan (1995) Aquatic chemistry: Chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters (3rd ed,), John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1022 pp. This is the Bible for low-temperature aqueous geochemistry, with good treatments of equilibria, kinetics, water-rock interaction, and surface chemistry.