| GEOL 125: Earth History | Study Guide #2 (F05) |
Write the following numbers in scientific notation:
500; 623,000; 0.003; 421.
What is the log of each of the following numbers: 10000; 100; 1; 0.001?
See Chapter 4 (Section A) or see me if you have trouble with these.
Sketch a picture of an atom. What particles are located in the nucleus?
What force holds the nucleus together, and what force is at work to try
to break it apart? What force attracts the electrons to the atom?
If an electron in an atom moves from one shell to another, what happens?
Why? What would we observe? Why do different elements emit light of different
colors when heated in a flame? Is this light of a discrete or widely varying
wavelength? Why?
How can we determine the composition of stars? Of planets? What are the
densities of the inner and outer planets? Why do they differ?
What types of telescopes exist? What objects can we see in the sky with
telescopes?
What types of electromagnetic radiation exist? What wavelengths do astronomers
use to make observations?
What properties of stars can be determined from astronomical observations,
and what parameters are actually measured to determine these properties?
What methods may be used to estimate stellar distances?
What seems to be the structural organization of the Universe? Draw a diagram
illustrating the Milky Way and the position of our sun in this galaxy.
What is binding energy? What is the most stable form of matter? Draw a graph
of the relative abundance of elements in the solar system vs. atomic number.
What are principal features of this graph? Does this graph reflect any relationship
between the binding energy per nucleon and mass number?
Terms to know
| electron cloud | shell number | atomic number |
| nucleus | energy level | ionic bond |
| valence | molecule | covalent bond |
| absorption line | emission line | spectroscopy |
| luminosity | meteorite | globular cluster |
| brightness | red shift | blue shift |
| Doppler shift | nebula | isotropic |
| galaxy | local cluster | Oort cloud |
| comet | planet | spiral arm galaxy |
| parallax | Cepheid Variable | spectroscopy |
| astronomical unit | light year | parsec (second of arc) |
| binding energy | mass defect | E=mc2 |
| binding energy per nucleon | nucleon | population I star |
| population II star | iron meteorite | stony meteorite |